The aim of this article is to report a rare case of chronic abruption-oligohydramnios sequence (CAOS).

Abruptio placentae is usually an acute event needing emergent measures for management, but may present with varied clinical features.

We describe a rare case of a 20-year-old primigravida at 16 weeks of gestation who presented with complaints of mild pain abdomen off and on for 1 month and minimal bleeding per vaginum for a day. Her vital signs were stable, but there was marked pallor. Obstetric examination revealed uterus corresponding to 20 to 22 weeks of gestation with raised basal tone. Ultrasound findings showed a dead fetus corresponding to 16 weeks of gestation with a large retroplacental collection of 12.5 × 7 cm. The patient was given three units of blood transfusion after which the patient went into spontaneous labor and delivered uneventfully 23 hours after admission.

Recognition of chronic abruption and prompt intervention in our case led to a favorable maternal outcome.

The diagnosis of chronic abruption should be kept in mind in patients presenting with pain abdomen even in early pregnancy.

Chopra K. A Rare Case of Chronic Abruption-oligohydramnios Sequence at 16 Weeks Pregnancy with Compensated Severe Anemia. World J Anemia 2017;1(2):65-67.