World Journal of Anemia

Register      Login

VOLUME 2 , ISSUE 1 ( January-March, 2018 ) > List of Articles

REVIEW ARTICLE

Immune Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Priyanka Diwan

Keywords : Exchange transfusion, Hemolytic disease of newborn, Intrauterine blood transfusion, Intravenous immunoglobulin, Jaundice in newborn, Rh isoimmunization

Citation Information : Diwan P. Immune Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn. World J Anemia 2018; 2 (1):21-25.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10065-0023

License: CC BY-ND 3.0

Published Online: 01-12-2018

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2018; The Author(s).


Abstract

Hemolytic anemia caused by blood group incompatibility is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), which is also termed as alloimmune HDFN or erythroblastosis fetalis, occurs due to destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) of the fetus or neonate by maternal immunoglobulin G antibodies. Under the conditions of anemia, the fetal bone marrow initiates production of immature erythroblasts into the fetal peripheral circulation, resulting in various manifestations of erythroblastosis fetalis, including conditions, such as hydrops fetalis, icterus gravis neonatorum, and congenital anemia of the newborn. Different approaches are being employed for the treatment of fetal anemia, such as intrauterine blood transfusion and exchange transfusion that takes place after birth. Recently, use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has also been considered for the management of jaundice in newborns associated with hemolytic diseases.


PDF Share
  1. Murray NA, Roberts IA. Haemolytic disease of the newborn. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2007 Mar;92(2):F83-F88.
  2. Fanaroff, AA.; Martin, RJ.; editors. Behrman's neonatalperinatal medicine: diseases of the fetus and infant. 3rd ed. St Louis (MO): Mosby; 1983.
  3. Bowman J. Rh-immunoglobulin: Rh prophylaxis. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2006;19(1):27-34.
  4. Shapiro SM. Definition of the clinical spectrum of kernicterus and bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND). J Perinatol 2005 Jan;25(1):54-59.
  5. Derderian SC, Jeanty C, Fleck SR, Cheng LS, Peyvandi S, Moon-Grady AJ, Farrell J, Hirose S, Gonzalez J, Keller RL, et al. The many faces of hydrops. J Pediatr Surg 2015 Jan;50(1): 50-54, discussion 54.
  6. de Haas M, Thurik FF, Koelewijn JM, van der Schoot CE. Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Vox Sang 2015 Aug;109(2):99-113.
  7. Lindenburg IT, van Kamp IL, Oepkes D. Intrauterine blood transfusion: current indications and associated risks. Fetal Diagn Ther 2014 Jun;36(4):263-271.
  8. Howe DT, Michailidis GD. Intraperitoneal transfusion in severe, early-onset Rh isoimmunization. Obstet Gynecol 2007 Oct;110(4):880-884.
  9. Grannum PA, Copel JA, Moya FR, Scioscia AL, Robert JA, Winn HN, Coster BC, Burdine CB, Hobbins JC. The reversal of hydrops fetalis by intravascular intrauterine transfusions in severe isoimmune fetal anemia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988 Apr;158(4):914-919.
  10. MedlinePlus. Exchange transfusion. Bethesda (MD): U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2017. [cited 2018 Jul]. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002923.htm.
  11. Wiener AS, Wexler IB, Grundfast TH. Therapy of erythroblastosis fetalis with exchange transfusion. Bull N Y Acad Med 1947 Apr;23(4):207-220.
  12. Zipursky, A.; Bowman, JM. Isoimmune hemolytic diseases. In: Nathan DG, Oski FA, editors. Hematology of infancy and childhood. 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA): WB Saunders; 1993.pp.44-73.
  13. Levraut J, Grimaud D. Treatment of metabolic acidosis. Curr Opin Crit Care 2003 Aug;9(4):260-265.
  14. Liumbruno G, Bennardello F, Lattanzio A, Piccoli P, Rossetti G. Recommendations for the transfusion of red blood cells. Blood Transfus 2009 Jan;7(1):49-64.
  15. Wennberg RP, Depp R, Heinrichs WL. Indications for early exchange transfusion in patients with erythroblastosis fetalis. J Pediatr 1978 May;92(5):789-792.
  16. Purugganan, G.; Leikin, S.; Gautier, G. Isoimmune hemolytic diseases. In: Nathan DG, Oski FA, editors. Hematology of infancy and childhood. Philadelphia (PA): Elsevier Health Sciences; 2009. p. 87-99.
  17. Patra K, Storfer-Isser A, Siner B, Moore J, Hack M. Adverse effects associated with neonatal exchange transfusion in the 1990s. J Pediatr 2004 May;144(5):626-631.
  18. Smits-Wintjens VE, Walther FJ, Rath ME, Lindenburg IT, te Pas AB, Kramer CM, Oepkes D, Brand A, Lopriore E. Intravenous immunoglobulin in neonates with rhesus hemolytic disease: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2011 Apr;127(4): 680-686.
  19. Alcock GS, Liley H. Immunoglobulin Infusion for isoimmune hemolytic jaundice in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002 Jul;3:CD003313.
  20. Alpay F, Sarici SU, Okutan V, Erdem G, Ozcan O, Gökçay E. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in neonatal immune haemolytic jaundice. Acta Paediatr 1999 Feb;88(2):216-219.
  21. Miqdad AM, Abdelbasit OB, Shaheed MM, Seidahmed MZ, Abomelha AM, Arcala OP. Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) therapy for significant hyperbilirubinemia in ABO hemolytic disease of newborn. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2004 Sep;16(3):163-166.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.